USB-SD-Mux: Automated SD-Card Juggler
Once the bootloader on your embedded device is up and running the development of kernel and userland in PTXdist-based BSPs is usually based on booting from network. Thus there is no need for the developer to write the boot media with a new image.
But if you want to introduce automated testing of whole BSPs on a target you need a way to re-write the boot media with the latest image from continuous integration.
USB-SD-Mux: Front
Introducing the USB-SD-Mux
For systems with SD- or Micro-SD-Card slot an USB-SD-Mux can help you with this job. The USB-SD-Mux has the following interfaces:
- Micro-SD-Card slot: This slot contains the media you want to use with your target. You can use your off the shelf Micro-SD-Card here or use your top-notch low-voltage high-speed card - what ever fits your target.
- Micro-SD-Card shape: This part of the PCB mimics the shape of a Micro-SD-Card and can be inserted into Micro-SD-slots on most targets.
- USB-Interface: The USB-Connection is used to power the device and to expose the USB-SD-Mux to your automation server. This interface is used to control the USB-SD-Mux and to access the Micro-SD-Card via the integrated card reader.
USB-SD-Mux: Back
The key feature of the USB-SD-Mux is the ability to switch the Micro-SD-Card between the target and the test server. This makes it possible to use sequences like the following:
- Switch the Micro-SD-Card to the integrated card reader and thus make it accessible to your test server.
- Write your image to the Micro-SD-Card.
- Switch the Micro-SD-Card over to the target.
- Power up your target and boot from Micro-SD-Card.
Using the USB-SD-Mux
Once connected to your test server the USB-SD-Mux will be detected as an off the shelf card reader:
cfi@klee:~$ dmesg -w
[ 4097.117229] usb 1-4: new high-speed USB device number 9 using xhci_hcd
[ 4097.257372] usb 1-4: New USB device found, idVendor=0424, idProduct=2640
[ 4097.257381] usb 1-4: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=0, SerialNumber=0
[ 4097.258324] hub 1-4:1.0: USB hub found
[ 4097.258354] hub 1-4:1.0: 1 port detected
[ 4097.545236] usb 1-4.1: new high-speed USB device number 10 using xhci_hcd
[ 4097.701956] usb 1-4.1: New USB device found, idVendor=0424, idProduct=4041
[ 4097.701970] usb 1-4.1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 4097.701974] usb 1-4.1: Product: usb-sd-mux_rev2.0
[ 4097.701978] usb 1-4.1: Manufacturer: Pengutronix
[ 4097.701981] usb 1-4.1: SerialNumber: 000000000101
[ 4097.720825] usb-storage 1-4.1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[ 4097.720864] scsi host6: usb-storage 1-4.1:1.0
[ 4097.720970] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[ 4097.721880] usbcore: registered new interface driver uas
[ 4098.742245] scsi 6:0:0:0: Direct-Access PTX sdmux HS-SD/MMC 2.09 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0
[ 4098.742963] sd 6:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 0
[ 4098.744841] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk
Every USB-SD-Mux is identified by a unique SerialNumber at USB-level. This makes it possible to use several USB-SD-Mux on a test server and keep them apart:
cfi@klee:~$ ls /dev/usb-sd-mux/
id-000000000101
On a high-level perspective the USB-SD-Mux is controlled via a piece of Python software. This software is available at GitHub. Using this software you can simply switch the destination of your Micro-SD-Card:
cfi@klee:~$ usbsdmux --help
usage: usbsdmux [-h] sg {dut,host,off,client}
positional arguments:
sg /dev/sg* to use
{dut,host,off,client}
mode to switch to. Can be {off, DUT, host}
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
For example using DistroKit to build a BSP for a BeagleBoneBlack and deploying it using the USB-SD-Mux can look like:
cfi@klee:~/DistroKit$ ptxdist images
cfi@klee:~/DistroKit$ sudo usbsdmux /dev/usb-sd-mux/id-000000000101 host
cfi@klee:~/DistroKit$ dd if=platform-v7a/images/beaglebone.hdimg of=/dev/sdb bs=4M
cfi@klee:~/DistroKit$ sudo usbsdmux /dev/usb-sd-mux/id-000000000101 dut
cfi@klee:~/DistroKit$ # Powercycle your target
Low-Level Features
Target Voltage
The USB-SD-Mux uses a high speed analog switch to connect the Micro-SD-Card to either of the targets. Such devices are designed to operate just inside their supply voltage range.
The USB-SD-Mux is internally powered with 3.3V. This limits the usable voltage range of the target SD-Card-supply to 0 .. 3.5V. On the bright side: The SD-Card interface is only specified up to 3.3V so this should fit most needs. And you are able to use low-voltage Micro-SD-Cards with - for example - 1.8V.
Break-Before-Make Switching
The control software uses, what the hardware guys would call, break-before-make switching. This means that the Micro-SD-Card is disconnected from the previous endpoint before connecting it to the next endpoint. The sequence is timed in a way that powers off the Micro-SD-Card before re-connecting it. A complete power-off makes sure the Micro-SD-Card is reset properly.
Customize USB-Representation
The Product-, Manufacturer- and Serialnumber-Strings reported via USB can be customized to your needs:
cfi@klee:~$ usbsdmux-configure --help
usage: usbsdmux-configure [-h] [--productString PRODUCTSTRING]
[--manufacturerString MANUFACTURERSTRING]
[--VID VID] [--ScsiManufacturer SCSIMANUFACTURER]
[--ScsiProduct SCSIPRODUCT] [--PID PID]
sg serial
This tool writes and verifies the configuration EEPROM of the usb-sd-mux with
the information given on the command line.
positional arguments:
sg The /dev/sg* to use
serial Serial-Number to write. Should be unique.
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--productString PRODUCTSTRING
Product-Name to write.
--manufacturerString MANUFACTURERSTRING
Manufacturer-Name to write.
--VID VID USB Vendor ID
--ScsiManufacturer SCSIMANUFACTURER
Value for the SCSI Manufacturer to write
--ScsiProduct SCSIPRODUCT
Value für the SCSI Product Name to write
--PID PID USB Product ID
Further Readings
The USB-SD-Mux is now FAST
We have been distributing the USB-SD-Mux with our partner company Linux Automation GmbH since 2019. This has enabled us to make work easier for many embedded developers and improve software quality. At the same time, technology is advancing: micro SD cards are becoming faster and USB-C is now established as the standard.
Linux Automation Test Automation Controller: A one Device labgrid Exporter
Our subsidiary Linux Automation GmbH introduces the LXA TAC (Linux Automation Test Automation Controller): an all-in-one labgrid exporter. The LXA TAC offers the usual interfaces to control one or more embedded devices (DUTs, devices under test) interactively or automatically with labgrid.
USB-SD-Mux now reads SD Card registers
The USB-SD-Mux is designed to make life easier for embedded software engineers by automating the transfer of an SD card between a host PC (deploying a new software image to the SD card) and an embedded Linux device. Since we have introduced this device into our Embedded Linux development workflow back in 2019 we have probably written thousands of SD card images with it. Now the usbsdmux software controlling the device has gained a new feature: It can now read and decode a few SD card information registers. This makes it possible to gain more insight into the capabilities of the used SD card - especially while developing on low-level software and drivers interfacing with the SD card.
LXA USB-T1L ❤️ Beagle Play: Exploring Single Wire Ethernet
It seems everybody is talking about Single Pair Ethernet (SPE) these days. So we want to follow the trend and do the same :-) SPE is a class of Ethernet transmission standards that uses just a single pair of twisted pair cable for data transmission. There are multiple SPE variants spanning maximum data rates from a hand full MBit/s to multiple GBit/s and cable lengths from a hand full of meters to kilometers. The most interesting ones from our embedded-centric point of view are 10Base-T1L (point-to-point, up to 1 km), 10Base-T1S (multidrop, approx. 10 m) and 100Base-T1 (point-to-point, 15 m). The new Beagle Play comes with a 10Base-T1L PHY. This makes it a great peer to experiment with our Linux Automation USB-T1L. In this post we will explore the possibilities of 10Base-T1L on a recent Linux system.
Pengutronix at Embedded World 2022
Welcome to our booth at the Embedded World 2022 in Nürnberg!
labgrid Tutorials
This week, we started our series of YouTube labgrid tutorials. In the next few weeks we will publish more video tutorials showing you labgrid's features and giving you handy tips and tricks.
Update of our Remotelab equipment
If it looks like an advertising blogpost, reads like an advertising blogpost ... it probably is an advertising blogpost! Nobody likes to read advertisements and we don't like to write them at all, but like all proud parents, we would like to show you the new products that our corporate subsidiary, Linux Automation GmbH, has freshly added to their store. With these new products we, and maybe soon you, will complete (y)our Remotelab infrastructure.
The LXA IOBus line of lab automation devices
I would like to present to you the LXA IOBus, a CAN-based ecosystem consisting of a protocol, a gateway server and new class of Linux Automation GmbH devices, including the Ethernet-Mux and the 4DO-3DI-3AI input/output board.
Showcase: Embedded off-the-shelf
A firmware upgrade is due. A newly implemented feature needs to be rolled out, a security issue patched or new hardware support added. The software, while capable, is complex. Pengutronix' strategy to handle this complexity is working on a version- controlled Board Support Package (BSP) with continuous updates and tests on the latest mainline Linux kernel.
Showcase: Continuous Testing
About 70,000 patches go into the Linux kernel every year, and many of them are bug fixes. The same applies to most other open source projects that are part of a modern Linux system. In order to benefit from the work in the community, the sensible strategy is to constantly update to the latest software version and keep the system up to date. Of course, with this amount of changes, new bugs can be added or incompatibilities can arise.